Eloquence Language Manual

Table of Contents

Legal Notices

Printing History

Table of Contents

1 - Things to Know Before You Start

Inside This Manual

Conventions

Related User Documentation

2 - Starting Eloquence

Eloquence concepts

Starting the Run-Time Environment

3 - Programming with Eloquence

Programming Guidelines

Entering Programs

Entering a Sample Program

Programming Aids

Program Annotations

The Bit Bucket

Creating programlines dynamically

Execution of COMMAND Statements

Space Dependency

The SPACE INDEPENDENT Statement

The SPACE DEPENDENT Statement

Error Messages

Syntax Errors

Run-Time Errors

Internal Errors

The character oriented development environment

Starting the character oriented Development Environment

Input Redirection

Quitting Eloquence

Program Execution and Edit Commands

Parameter Values

The RUN Command

The CONTINUE Command

The AUTO Command

The REN Command

The DEL Command

The FETCH Command

HOP key

LASTLINE

The LIST and list Commands

The [RE-]STORE and store Commands

Directives

Using store with the C preprocessor

Running a Program

Program Termination

Error Messages

Syntax Errors

Run-Time Errors

Internal Errors

Storing a Program

Listing a Program

The INDENT Command

Interrupting a Program

Program debugging

HOP (Debugging Aid)

Tracing Program Operations

Statement Tracing

External Tracing

Program Cross-Referencing

The SCRATCH Statement

Display Function Characters

The Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Program Development

The Browser

Compiling a program

Storing and loading program files

Debugging

Initiating a debug session

Stepping through a program

Breakpoint

The Output Toolwindow

The Call Stack Toolwindow

The Variables Toolwindow

Debugging a character oriented program

4 - Data Variables and Data handling

Types and Forms of Variables

Variable Names

String Variables

String Arrays

String Array Defaults

String Expressions

Substrings

The NULL String

String Concatenation

Examples of String Use

Numeric Variables

Real Variable Numeric Ranges

Integer Variable Numeric Range

Numeric Precisions

Numeric Display Formats

Standard Format

Fixed Point Format

Floating Point Format

Rounding

Simple Numeric Variables

Types and Values

Numeric Arrays

Subscripts and Array Size

Array Elements

User defined Types

Type definition

Exporting Types

Type scope

Derived Types

Type instantiation

Using member variables

The STRUCT keyword

Runtime type identification

Data base integration

Error Messages

Example program

Declaring and Dimensioning Variables

The OPTION BASE Statement

The DIM Statement

The NEW statement

The INTEGER Statement

The DINTEGER Statement

The SHORT Statement

The REAL Statement

The COM Statement

Other Features of Variable Declarative Statements

Redimensioning an Array

Assigning Values to Variables

The READ and DATA Statements

The DATA Pointer

The RESTORE statement

The INPUT Statement

The LINPUT Statement

The EDIT Statement

The ENTER Statement

The LENTER Statement

The XLENTER Statement

The ACCEPT Statement

KBCODE

Eloquence keyboard handling

Typeahead

TYPEAHEAD CLEAR

XPACK, XUNPACK statements

The XPACK statement

XPACK ... USING

XPACK ... USING REMOTE LISTS

XPACK ... FROM

The XUNPACK statement

XUNPACK Buf$ USING <string expression>

XUNPACK Buf$ FROM Variable [,Variable ...]

XUNPACK Buf$ USING REMOTE LISTS Line_id[,Line_id ...]

XPACK format description

Simple numeric variable

Simple string variable

Array element

Array

Example Eloquence XUNPACK program

Memory Consumption

Control Byte Overhead

5 - Operators and Functions

Operators and Expressions

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Binary Operations

Operational Hierarchy

The Default ON/OFF Statements

Built-in Numeric Functions

Trigonometric Statements and Functions

Random Numbers

Built-In String Functions

The SYSID$ Function

Defining a Function

6 - Branching and Subroutines

Unconditional Branching

The GOTO Statement

The ON GOTO Statement

Conditional Branching

The IF THEN Statement

Looping

The FOR and NEXT Statements

Nesting FOR-NEXT Loops

FOR-NEXT Loop Considerations

Subroutines

The GOSUB Statement

The ON GOSUB Statement

Branching Using Softkeys

ON KEY # Statement

The OFF KEY # Statement

The DISABLE Statement

The ENABLE Statement

The CURKEY Function

LASTKEY

SOFTKEY ON/OFF Statement

Error Testing and Recovery

The ON HALT Statement

The KEYBD function

ON KEYBD

OFF KEYBD

Structured Programming

Structured IF THEN ELSE

The WHILE Block

The LOOP Block

The REPEAT Block

The SELECT Block

7 - Subprograms

Parameters

Multiple-Line Function Subprograms

Subroutine Subprograms

Subprogram Considerations

Temporary Default States

Adding and Deleting Subprograms

Using COM Statements

Busy Lines

8 - File Storage

Syntax Terms

File Structure

Files

Records

EOFs and EORs

Data Access Methods

Serial Access

Direct Access

Direct Word Access

Comparing Data Access Methods

The Default Mass Storage Device

Cataloging Files (CAT)

Using message Catalogs

Identifying Volume Labels

Storing and Retrieving Programs

The STORE Statement

The RE-STORE Statement

The LOAD Statement

The LOAD SUB Statement

The SAVE Statement

The GET Statement

The LINK Statement

The RESAVE Statement

The MERGE Statement

Storaging and Retrieving Data

Creating a Data File

Opening a Data File

Data Pointers

Converting a Text File

Options

Example

Serial Access

The Serial PRINT# Statement

The Serial READ# Statement

Positioning the Record Pointer

Direct Access

The Direct PRINT# Statement

The Direct READ# Statement

Repositioning the Record Pointer

Direct Word Access

The Direct-Word PRINT# Statement

The Direct-Word READ# Statement

Storing and Retrieving Arrays

Closing a File

Purging a File

File Storage Functions

The TYP Function

The SIZE Function

The REC Function

The WRD Function

The FNAME$ Function

Trapping EOR and EOF Conditions

Data Storage Requirements

Multi-User File Protection

Copying a File

Renaming a File

9 - Output Operations

Restrictions on the Use of ASCII Control Characters

Selecting Output Devices

Printer and Port Numbers Vs. Device Addresses

Printers

System Printer

Local Printer

The PRINTER IS Statement

The SYSTEM PRINTER IS Statement

The PRINT ALL IS Statement

The REQUEST Statement

The RELEASE Statement

Audible Output (BEEP)

Displayed Output (DISP)

The LDISP Statement

POPUP BOX

The REFRESH Statement

Output Functions

The TAB Function

The SPA Function

The LIN Function

The PAGE Function

Display Enhancements

The CURSOR Statement

Set Cursor Position

The XPOS and YPOS Functions

Field Enhancements

Protect and Unprotect Lines

Input and Output Fields

The PRINT Statement

Formatted Output

Delimiters

Blank Spaces

String Specifications

Display Enhancements and Alternate Character Sets

Numeric Specifications

Digit Symbols

Radix Symbols

Sign Symbols

Digit Separator Symbols

Floating Specifiers

Symbol Replication

Compacted Specifier

Carriage Control

Reusing the Image String

Field Overflow

Spool Files

Creating Spool Files

Recording into Spool Files

Dumping Spool Files

Appending to Spool Files

Spool File Errors

Printer Control Functions

10 - Matrix Operations

Redimensioning Arrays

Reading and Printing Arrays

MAT READ

MAT PRINT

File Input/Output

Assigning Values to Arrays

MAT INPUT

MAT . . . CON

MATZER

MAT-initialize

Arithmetic Operations

Copying an Array

Scalar Operations

Matrix Arithmetic Operations

Array Functions

System Functions

The SUM Function

The ROW Function

The COL Function

Matrix Operations

MAT . . . CSUM

MATRSUM

11 - System Clock

Returning the Current System Time and Date

The TIME$ Function

The DATE$ Function

Measuring Elapsed Time

The CLOCK Function

Programmed Delays

The WAIT Statement

The SLEEP Statement

Event Scheduling

The ON DELAY Statement

The OFF DELAY Statement

12 - Multiple Task Programming

Primary and Secondary Tasks

Configuration Requirements

Multi-Tasking Statements

The REQUEST # Statement

The ATTACH # Statement

The ATTACH Statement

The DETACH Statement

The RELEASE # Statement

Example Program Using TASK

Error Codes

HP-UX Background Processing

Option One

Option Two

Starting Eloquence from an Eloquence program.

Programming Considerations

Resource Management

Output Device Control

File Access

Database Locking

DBOPEN

LOCKING

Performance Considerations

Database Performance

Output Performance

Functions for Task Control

The TSTAT Function

The OWNID Function

The XOWNID Function

The SHOWTASK Function

The SIGNAL statements

13 - Asynchronous Devices

TIO Statements

The ON INPUT # Statement

The AREAD$ Function

The OFF INPUT # Statement

The AOVFL function

Eloquence Statements Used With TIO

The REQUEST and RELEASE Statements

The DISABLE and ENABLE Statements

The CURKEY Function

Programming with TIO

Programming Overview

Programming Tips

CALL

No Branching Statement

Programming Approaches

Straight Line Approach

Modular Approach

Array Addressing Mode

Executive Mode

Structured Programming

Basic Structural Flow

Example Program

Transaction Driven Applications

State Machine Model

Controlling Your Application

14 - Integrating C Functions (DLL)

Using DLL in Eloquence

The LOAD DLL Statement

The DEL DLL Statement

The CALL DLL Statement

Shared Memory

Generating a DLL

DLLCC

Example

Programming Guidelines

DLL interface level

DLL interface level functions

Setup/cleanup hooks

Signals

Environment

Debugging

xdb

DLL communication level

DLL communication level utilities

Error Messages

15 - Statement Flow Analyser

sfagen

Syntax

Example

sfarpt

Syntax

Options

A - Reference Tables

System Reset Conditions

TYP Function Return Values

ASSIGN Statement Return Variable

File Types

IMAGE Formatting Symbols

Storage Requirements

Display Enhancement Codes/Character Set Switching Codes

ASCII Character Codes

B - Eloquence Syntax

Introduction

Syntax List

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

C - Error Messages

Pack Errors

IMAGE Errors

PREDICATE Errors

SORT Errors

Report Writer Errors

FORMS Errors

TIMER Errors

TIO Errors

TASK Errors

User Defined Types Errors

HP-UX Errors

Glossary

Index